Each bookend goes through a process of being individually hand cast in precise bronze molds. Molten zinc is hand-poured into the mold. Each has a solid base metal which is what gives the bookends their substantial, impressive weight. The pieces are then hand buffed and polished to a perfectly smooth finish. The process continues with a copper bath, then nickel or brass plating for silver or brass. Each bookend then has an application of antique stain which really brings out the details in the piece. After drying and curing, each piece is hand-polished again. Bookends with an everlasting finish. They are lacquered and baked which requires no polishing. They are then carefully inspected before being carefully packed into our sturdy gift boxes. These heavy book ends are all provided in sets of two. Engraving plate included with each set. MADE IN THE USA!